Matlakala a solar panel a reretsoe ho eketseha ka liperesente tse fetang 4000 lilemong tse leshome tse tlang.Na indasteri ea ho sebelisa solar panel e se e loketse ho sebetsana le mefuta ee?Ha tlhoko ea liphanele tse ncha e ntse e eketseha ka sekhahla le lisebelisoa tse tala li haella, peiso e ntse e tsoela pele.
Phanele ea letsatsiho recycle e fetoha phephetso ea sebele.E bohlokoa ho leano la UK, matla a letsatsi ke khetho e tšoarellang le e tšoarellang bakeng sa likhoebo le malapa, 'me e ntse e hola ka potlako.
Ka 2021, UK e ekelitse 730MW ea matla a macha a letsatsi, a nka bophahamo ba kakaretso ho 14.6GW, keketseho ea liperesente tse 5.3 ho tloha 2020, mme - karolong ea bobeli ea 2022 - matla a letsatsi a kentse liperesente tse 6.4 tsa tlhahiso ea motlakase ea UK.Ka har'a Leano la Ts'ireletso ea Matla a April, Lefapha la Khoebo, Matla le Leano la Liindasteri (BEIS) le netefalitse hore, ka 2035, phepelo ea letsatsi ea UK e lebelletsoe ho eketseha ka makhetlo a mahlano, ho nka bophahamo ba kakaretso ho 70GW: hoo e ka bang liperesente tse 15 tsa morero oa UK. (le ho eketseha) litlhoko tsa motlakase, ho latela McKinsey.
Taba e ntseng e hlaha ke hore na ho etsoa eng ka liphanele tsa letsatsi ha li se li fihlile pheletsong ea lilemo tsa tsona tse 30 tsa bophelo.Ha kholo ea 'maraka e ntse e eketseha ho isa nakong e tlang, ho tla ba joalo le ka qubu e ntseng e eketseha ea litšila tsa letsatsi.Ho latela International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), UK e lebelletsoe ho hlahisa lithane tse 30,000 tsa litšila tsa letsatsi lilemong tse leshome tse tlang.Hape, ho hakanngoa hore ho eketseha ha liphanele tse sa sebetseng ho tla fihla 'marakeng ka bo-2030, haliphanele tsa letsatsiho tloha ho millennium ho qala ho thekesela.IRENA e bolela esale pele litšila tsa lefats'e tse tsoang liphanele tsa letsatsi li tla ba lipakeng tsa lithane tse limilione tse 1.7 le limilione tse robeli ka 2030.
Ho feta moo, ho na le bothata bo ka bang teng phepelong ea lisebelisoa tse tala, ka tlhokahalo ea liphanele tse behiloeng ho feta boteng ba likarolo tse sa bonahaleng.
Khatello e ntse e tsoela pele bakeng sa indasteri ea ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa letsatsi ho eketsa bokhoni ba eona e le ho sebetsana le ho phahama ha liphanele tse sa sebetseng le ho ts'ehetsa ho etsoa ha liphanele tse ncha tsa letsatsi.Ka Phupu, Sam Vanderhoof, setsebi sa indasteri ea matla a letsatsi, o khothalelitse hore - lefats'eng ka bophara - e le 'ngoe feela ho tse leshome tsa liphanele tsa photovoltaic (PV) e sebelisoang hape 'me tse ling kaofela li qetella li le litšila, hape li bua ka data e tsoang IRENA.
Taolo & ho latela
Ka hare ho UK,liphanele tsa letsatsi li arotsoe ka molao e leMotlakase le ElektronikeThepa(EEE), tlas'a Sehlopha se inehetseng sa 14. Ka hona, liphanele tsa PV li koahetsoe ke Melao ea Litšila EEE (WEEE);bofelo ba bophelo ba bona bo beilwe leihlo mme ntshetsopele ya mafaratlhatlha a a tiileng a go diriswa sedirisiwa ga solar panel e setse e tsweletse.
Bahlahisi ba matla a matla a letsatsi ba tlamehile ho kenela Sekema sa Tumellano ea Mohlahisi (PCS), ho tlaleha lithane tse hlahisoang 'marakeng le ho fumana lintlha tsa ho latela melao bakeng sa ho koahela phepelo ea nako e tlang ea likarolo tseo.Hape ba tlameha ho tšoaea lihlahisoa ho eletsa basebelisi le lits'ebeletso tsa kalafo mabapi le sebopeho sa thepa le ho lahla ka nepo.
Ka nako e ts'oanang, barekisi ba tlameha ho bokella lihlahisoa tsa ho qetela.Ba tlameha ho ba le mokhoa oa ho khutlisa litšila tsa PV kapa ba kenye letsoho molemong oa morero o amohetsoeng ke 'Muso oa ho khutlisa.
Leha ho le joalo, ho latela Scott Butler, Mookameli e Moholo oa Material Focus, NGO e tšehelitsoeng ka lichelete ho tsoa ho litefiso tsa ho latela WEEE, ho na le lintlha tse ikhethileng tse tla ama ho khutlisoa ha liphanele tsa letsatsi: malapa.Leha e le sehlahisoa sa lapeng, ha se ntho eo batho ba bangata ba tla khona ho itšoarella ka eona.
"Ke nahana hore ho hlakoloa ho tlameha ho kenyelletsa setsebi se ngolisitsoeng bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse kholo ... 'me e kanna ea ba senotlolo sa ho laola [litšila].Le hoja ho ka ba thata hobane ha baa itokisetsa ho sebetsana le litšila, ha ho thata hakaalo ho ba mojari oa litšila.”
Butler o hlokomela hore liphanele tsa letsatsi tse seng li le haufi le ho qetela li ka 'na tsa ba thata ho li sebelisa hape ka lebaka la phapang ea tlhahiso: "Mabapi le ho tsosolosa, ke nahana hore bothata ba PVs e tla ba ho utloisisa k'hemistri hobane, haholo-holo qalong, ho na le metsoako e mengata e fapaneng ea lik'hemik'hale e etsahalang.Lintho tse tlang ho qala ho tsoa hona joale li tsofetse haholo, lilemo tse 20 ke potoloho e telele haholo.Kahoo mohlomong ho na le lekhalo la tlhahisoleseling le ka hlokang ho hokeloa hore na ke mang ea behang eng 'marakeng le hore na ke eng. ”
Mekhoa ea ho tsosolosa
Mekhoa ea ho tsosolosa bakeng sa liphanele e fapana ho ea ka sebopeho sa solar panel, e tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa e thehiloeng ka silicon.Li tsejoa ka theko ea tsona le ho feto-fetoha ha maemo, liphanele tsa letsatsi tsa silicon li thehile karolo ea 73.3 lekholong ea 'maraka ka 2020;filimi e tšesaane e nkile liperesente tse 10.4 mme liphanele tse entsoeng ka thepa e 'ngoe (dae-sensitised, concentrated photovoltaic, organic hybrids) li emetse liperesente tse 16.3 tse setseng (Chowdhury et al, 2020).
Ha e bokelloa, leha e le efePhanele ea PVho thata ho qhaqholla.Foreimi ea aluminium le lebokose la mateano li ka tlosoa habonolo feela;karolo e phephetsang ke letlapa la khalase e bataletseng ea laminated, e nang le lisebelisoa tse fokolang tsa tšepe le tse se nang ferrous, li-plastiki le thepa ea semiconductor.Mabapi le litharollo tsa kalafo, phephetso ha se ea tekheniki, joalo ka pyrolysis, karohano ea cryogenic (lehatsetsi), le ho qhetsola ka mochini ho teng e le mekhoa ea karohano ea lisebelisoa tse fapaneng.Phephetso e kholo ke hore liphanele tsa PV ha li hlahise litšila tse ts'oanang le litšila tsa ho paka kapa tse ka sebelisoang ka nako e khuts'oane ea bophelo.Ka hona, potso e ka sehloohong ke ea moruo: ke mang ea tla tsetela moleng oa phekolo o sa tsebeng hore na litšila li tla fihla neng?
Liphanele tsa filimi e tšesaane li kenyelletsa ts'ebetso ea kalafo, e hlokang mehato e meng ho khutlisa tšepe e kopaneng ea 'cadmium telluride' ka mokhoa o nepahetseng oa tikoloho.Le hoja e le khetho e sa tsejoeng haholo, liphanele tse tšesaane-filimi li na le tšebeliso e ntle ea thepa, ho haha semiconductor e fokolang, ho boloka litšenyehelo le carbon nakong ea tlhahiso.Liphanele tsena li sebetsa betere ha li le ka khanya e tlase le li-angles tse 'feteletseng', tse molemo bakeng sa libaka tse otlolohileng le lifensetere.
Ho khutlisa lisebelisoa, liphanele tsa PV tsa filimi e tšesaane li khaotsoe ho tlosa lamination, pele lithako tse tiileng le tsa metsi li arohanngoa ke sekoti se potolohang.Joale filimi e tlosoa ho sebelisoa asiti le peroxide, 'me e lateloe ke ho tlosoa ha thepa ea interlayer ka ho sisinyeha, ha likhalase tse setseng le tšepe li arohanngoa le ho hlaphoheloa.
Solar panel recycling at scale
Leha ho na le mats'oao a hajoale a ntseng a hola butle butle, hajoale ke liperesente tse 80 ho isa ho tse 95 feela tsa lisebelisoa tsa matla a letsatsi tse etsang hore li sebelisoe hape.Ho ntšetsa pele sena, k'hamphani ea taolo ea litšila Veolia e etella pele morero oa ho tlisa phepelo e felletseng ea matla a letsatsi ka sekhahla sa indasteri, morerong o tsoelang pele o tšehelitsoeng ka lichelete ke EIT RawMaterials.ReProSolar e nts'etsapele ts'ebetso e sebetsang hantle haholo ea ho nchafatsa liphanele tsa ho qetela tsa bophelo, e lumellang hore likarolo tsohle tsa module tsa PV tse thehiloeng ho silicon li boele li fumanehe.
Ho sebelisa theknoloji ea delamination ho arola sele ea letsatsi ho tloha poleiti ea khalase, mekhoa ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale e khutlisa lisebelisoa tsohle, ho akarelletsa le silevera e hloekileng le silicon, ntle le ho senya li-module tsa PV.
Ka kopanelo le FLEXRES GmbH le ROSI Solar, tse pelilik'hamphani tsa theknolojiba ntseng ba hlahisa mekhoa e mecha ea ho fumana thepa e tala ho liphanele tsa PV, morero ona o tla leka ho khonahala ho latela indasteri ho elella bofelong ba selemo, ka lithane tse 5,000 tsa li-module tsa PV tse sa sebetseng tse tla sebetsoa selemo le selemo femeng ea lipontšo Jeremane ka 2024.
Ho rekisa ts'ebetso e felletseng ea ts'ebetso ke senotlolo sa ho tobana le phephetso ea 'maraka ea hajoale, ho tlisa phepelo e matla ea likarolo tsa phanele ea PV ho fihlela tlhokahalo e ntseng e eketseha ea liphanele le ho sebetsana le bongata bo ntseng bo eketseha ba litšila tsa solar.
Melemo e kholo ea moruo e ka etsoa ka ho khutlisa likarolo tsa phanele tsa PV tsa boleng bo holimo ha tlhokahalo e ntse e phahama.Ka mohlala, silevera, ha e ntse e le karolo ea 0.05 lekholong ea boima ba liphanele, e etsa karolo ea 14 lekholong ea boleng ba eona ba 'maraka.Lisebelisoa tse ling tsa bohlokoa le tse ka khutlisoang li kenyelletsa aluminium, koporo le tellurium.Ho latela Rystad Energy, leha lisebelisoa tse khutlisitsoeng ho liphanele tsa PV tsa bophelo bo botle hajoale li lekana le $ 170 milione, li lebelletsoe ho ba boleng bo fetang $2.7 billion ka 2030.
Ho hlophisa bocha liphanele tsa letsatsi
Ntle le mekhoa e mecha ea lefats'e ea ho sebelisa solar panel, moralo oa liphanele o ntse o nahanoa bocha ho nahanoa ka ho sebelisoa hape.The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) e senotse liphanele tsa bona tsa letsatsi tsa 'Design for Recycling' (D4R) tse sa tsoa ntlafatsoa ka Tšitoe 2021, tse entsoeng ho latela maikutlo a ho qetela.Liphanele, tse nang le lilemo tse lekiloeng tsa lilemo tse 30, li etselitsoe ho qhaqha habonolo ntle le likarolo tse senyang.
Liphanele, tse kentsoeng ka sekhomaretsi sa sekhomaretsi, li tšoara mochine o kopantsoeng oa ho kenya letsoho bakeng sa karohano ea lisele le liforeimi.Mokhoa ona ha o na matla a fokolang 'me ha o akarelletse lintho tse chefo.
Patlisiso e bolokiloe ke merero e 'meli, ea pele ke projeke ea DEREC, e ileng ea fana ka maikutlo le ho leka liphanele tsa D4R ka tekanyo e nyane ho netefatsa hore li qhaqha ka mokhoa o hloekileng ka mor'a bophelo ba ts'ebeletso bo etsisitsoeng.Morero oa PARSEC joale o tla nyolla thekenoloji ho liphanele tsa boholo bo felletseng tsa D4R bakeng sa tšebeliso ea khoebo le bolulo.
Ha e ntse e le liphanelehlahisoahoo e ka bang lilemo tse 30 tse fetileng tse hlahisang phephetso ea hona joale ho batho ba sebelisang lisebelisoa, liphanele tsa D4R li ka nolofatsa mokhoa oa ho sebelisa lisebelisoa ho tsamaisa indasteri pele.'Me, ntle le liphanele tse ncha, consortium e ntse e etsa lipatlisiso ka mekhoa ea ho sebelisa lisebelisoa bakeng sa mefuta ea hajoale ea liphanele tsa letsatsi, ho fihlela ho nkuoa ha silicon e hloekileng hore e sebelisoe hape.
Ha re phethela
Ka kakaretso, lintlafatso tsena li bonts'a ts'episo ho tsepamiso ea tsona khoebong, leha ho ntse ho ts'oenyehile ka hore na sekala se hlokehang se tla fihlelleha, ka likarolo tse peli tsa liphanele tse sa sebetseng le tlhoko ea tse ncha e ntse e eketseha.Leha ho le joalo, haeba boiteko ba khoebo bo tsamaea hantle, 'me haeba merero ea ho etsa liphanele tse tsoang ho thepa e tsosolositsoeng ka ho feletseng e ka fanoa, indasteri ea mahlaseli a letsatsi e shebile moruo o matla oa selikalikoe.
Nako ea poso: Jan-11-2023